Spain’s history is marked by diverse cultural influences, powerful empires, and significant global impact.
In prehistoric times, the Iberian Peninsula was home to diverse indigenous peoples. The Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians established trading colonies along the coast during the first millennium BCE.
The Romans conquered the peninsula around 200 BCE, naming it Hispania and leaving a lasting legacy of language, law, and infrastructure. After Rome’s fall, the Visigoths ruled until Muslim forces from North Africa conquered most of Spain in 711 CE, establishing Al-Andalus.
The Christian Reconquista gradually reclaimed territory over 700 years, culminating in 1492 when Ferdinand and Isabella captured Granada and unified Spain. That same year, they funded Columbus’s voyage and expelled Jews who wouldn’t convert to Christianity.
The 16th and 17th centuries marked Spain’s Golden Age, when it became a global superpower with vast colonial territories in the Americas, Philippines, and elsewhere. Art, literature, and culture flourished under rulers like Charles V and Philip II.
Spain gradually declined in power during the 18th and 19th centuries, losing most colonies and experiencing political instability, including Napoleonic occupation, multiple constitutions, and a shift between monarchy and republic.
The Spanish Civil War (1936-39) led to Francisco Franco’s fascist dictatorship, which lasted until his death in 1975. Spain then transitioned to democracy under King Juan Carlos I, adopting a new constitution in 1978.
Modern Spain joined the European Union in 1986 and has developed into a vibrant democracy with a diverse economy and rich cultural heritage, though it has faced economic challenges including high unemployment following the 2008 global financial crisis.
Join us as we explore the best places to visit in Spain, a country brimming with history, culture, and stunning landscapes. From the vibrant streets of Madrid to the artistic wonders of Barcelona, we’ll take you through the must-see cities and hidden gems across Spain. Top Travel
