Greenland and Denmark have been connected for over 300 years, though their relationship has evolved significantly.
Early Contact (10th-15th centuries) Norse settlers from Iceland first colonized Greenland around 985 CE, but these settlements mysteriously disappeared by the 1400s. Meanwhile, the indigenous Inuit peoples continued living there.
Danish Colonization (1721-1953) Denmark-Norway reasserted claims to Greenland in 1721 when missionary Hans Egede established a settlement. After Norway separated from Denmark in 1814, Greenland remained with Denmark. For centuries, Denmark maintained strict control, treating Greenland as a closed colony with limited contact with the outside world.
World War II Turning Point When Germany occupied Denmark in 1940, Greenland came under U.S. protection. This period gave Greenlanders more autonomy and opened the island to outside influences, making return to colonial isolation impossible.
Modern Era (1953-present) In 1953, Greenland’s colonial status ended and it became an integral part of Denmark. However, cultural tensions grew. In 1979, Greenland gained home rule, and in 2009, achieved self-governance with control over most domestic affairs. Denmark still handles foreign policy, defense, and provides substantial annual subsidies (about $600 million).
Today Greenland has about 57,000 people, mostly Inuit, with increasing discussions about full independence. The relationship remains cooperative but complex, with Greenland gradually asserting more autonomy while still economically dependent on Denmark.
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